No. Eye floaters, those little specks or strands that drift across your vision, are caused by changes inside the eye's vitreous gel, not by screens or blue light. Staring at a bright, plain screen just makes existing floaters easier to notice, which is why people often blame screens.
Most floaters are harmless and common, especially with age. But a sudden increase in floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow or curtain across your vision can signal a retinal problem and needs prompt medical attention, see an eye doctor right away if that happens. Screens didn't cause them, but new or changing floaters are always worth checking.
